However, the conspirators' attempt to use the opportunity to restore the Roman Republic was thwarted. In early 41, Caligula was assassinated as a result of a conspiracy by officers of the Praetorian Guard, senators, and courtiers. During his reign, the empire annexed the client kingdom of Mauretania as a province. He directed much of his attention to ambitious construction projects and luxurious dwellings for himself, and he initiated the construction of two aqueducts in Rome: the Aqua Claudia and the Anio Novus. While the reliability of these sources is questionable, it is known that during his brief reign, Caligula worked to increase the unconstrained personal power of the emperor, as opposed to countervailing powers within the principate. After this, the sources focus upon his cruelty, sadism, extravagance, and sexual perversion, presenting him as an insane tyrant. ![]() There are few surviving sources about the reign of Caligula, though he is described as a noble and moderate emperor during the first six months of his rule. Following the former's death in 37, Caligula succeeded him as emperor. In 26, Tiberius withdrew from public life to the island of Capri, and in 31, Caligula joined him there. The conflict eventually led to the destruction of her family, with Caligula as the sole male survivor. ![]() When Germanicus died at Antioch in 19, Agrippina returned with her six children to Rome, where she became entangled in a bitter feud with Tiberius, Germanicus' uncle. Caligula was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty.Īlthough Gaius was named after Gaius Julius Caesar, he acquired the nickname "Caligula" ('little boot'), the diminutive form of caliga, a military boot, from his father's soldiers during their campaign in Germania. ![]() He was the son of the Roman general Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder, Augustus' granddaughter. Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), better known by his nickname Caligula ( / k ə ˈ l ɪ ɡ j ʊ l ə/), was Roman emperor from AD 37 until his assassination in AD 41.
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